CS 5010: Problem Set 03: Iterative Design

Out: Monday, September 26, 2016

Due: Monday, October 3, 2016 at 600pm local time

The goal of this problem set is to help you design functions that deal with the Universe model, and to give you practice with the Iterative Design Recipe.

You will also get experience with the Perfect Bounce and Smooth Dragging, which we will be using in many of our exercises.

You must use the HtDP Beginning Intermediate Student Language to solve the problems.

For these problems, download a copy of extras.rkt and put it in the folder with your solutions. Then import this library by including the line

(require "extras.rkt")

(provide function)

Remember that you must follow the design recipe. Your deliverables include the data definitions (including interpretation and templates), contract and purpose header, code, and tests. Be sure to follow our coding conventions. This will make the TA's job much easier.

Be sure to sync your work and fill out a Work Session Report at the end of every work session. Use the Work Session Report for PS03.

Note: For all universe programs, you may assume that the mouse is never dragged or moved outside of the canvas. Once the mouse enters the canvas, if the mouse ever leaves the canvas, then the behavior of your system is unspecified.

1. (screensaver-1). Your boss has assigned you to a project to build a screensaver. The specifications for the screensaver are as follows:
   • The screensaver is a universe program that displays two circles that move around a canvas.
   • Each circle is displayed as an outline blue circle with a radius of 40 pixels. In addition, the circle's current velocity is displayed as a string (vx, vy) in the center of the circle.
   • The circles bounce smoothly off the edge of the canvas. Bouncing is defined as follows: if the circle in its normal motion would hit or go past one side of the canvas at the next tick, then instead at the next tick it should appear tangent to the edge of the canvas, travelling at the same speed, but in the opposite direction. If the circle would go past a corner, then both the x- and y- velocities are reversed. We call this a perfect bounce.

     Here's a clarification (thanks to Professor Clinger):

     The x and y coordinates of a circle are constrained to keep the entire circle within the canvas at all times. If a circle's position and velocity would cause any part of a circle to lie outside of the canvas at the end of a tick, then its x and y coordinates at the end of that tick are calculated as follows: first calculate the new x and y coordinates without regard to the boundaries, and then adjust those calculated coordinates (separately) by the smallest adjustments that keep the entire circle within the canvas. If an x or y coordinate is adjusted during that process, then the corresponding velocity component is reversed as well.

     Example: A circle whose center is at x=45 and y=80, with velocity components vx=-15 and vy=20 would appear at x=30, if it were unconstrained by the wall. So at the next tick, the center should be at x=40 and y = 100, with velocity components vx=15 and vy=20.

   • The space bar pauses or unpauses the entire simulation. The simulation is initially paused.
   • The canvas is 400 pixels wide and 300 pixels high.
   • The two circles are initially centered at positions (200,100) and (200,200), and have velocities of (-12, 20) and (23, -14), respectively. Remember that we are using computer-graphics coordinates, in which y increases as you go down the page (south) and in which (0,0) is the upper left-hand corner of the canvas.

   Here's a demo:

   You are to deliver a file named screensaver-1.rkt that provides the following functions:

   ;; screensaver : PosReal -> WorldState
   ;; GIVEN: the speed of the simulation, in seconds/tick
   ;; EFFECT: runs the simulation, starting with the initial state as
   ;; specified in the problem set.
   ;; RETURNS: the final state of the world
   
   ;; initial-world : Any -> WorldState
   ;; GIVEN: any value (ignored)
   ;; RETURNS: the initial world specified in the problem set
   
   ;; world-after-tick : WorldState -> WorldState
   ;; RETURNS: the world state that should follow the given world state
   ;; after a tick.
   
   ;; world-after-key-event : WorldState KeyEvent -> WorldState
   ;; RETURNS: the WorldState that should follow the given worldstate
   ;; after the given keyevent
   
   ;; world-circ1 : WorldState -> Circle
   ;; world-circ2 : WorldState -> Circle
   ;; world-paused? : WorldState -> Boolean
   ;; RETURNS: the specified attribute of the WorldState
   ;; NOTE: if these are part of the world struct, you don't need to
   ;; write any deliverables for these functions.
   
   ;; new-circle : NonNegInt NonNegInt Int Int -> Circle
   ;; GIVEN: 2 non-negative integers x and y, and 2 integers vx and vy
   ;; RETURNS: a circle centered at (x,y), which will travel with
   ;; velocity (vx, vy).
   
   ;; circ-x : Circle -> NonNegInt
   ;; circ-y : Circle -> NonNegInt
   ;; circ-vx : Circle -> Int
   ;; circ-vy : Circle -> Int
   ;; RETURNS: the coordinates of the center of the circle and its
   ;; velocity in the x- and y- directions.
   

2. (screensaver-2). Your boss has now decided to build a better screensaver. This one is like the original, except for the following:
   • Each circle is selectable and draggable. Depressing the mouse button within a circle causes the circle to be "selected". When a circle is selected, it and its velocity are displayed in red instead of blue.

   When the mouse button is down, its location should be indicated by a solid red circle with a radius of 5 pixels.

   • Once a circle has been selected, you should be able to drag it around the Universe canvas with the mouse. As you drag it, the position of the mouse within the circle (as indicated by the red circle), should not change. When the mouse button is released, the circle should go back to its unselected state (outline blue) in its new location.
   • We refer to this behavior as "smooth dragging." We will be implementing other objects with this behavior in future problem sets.
   • A selected circle may be dragged in a way that causes some of it to be dragged outside the canvas. If, when the circle is unselected, some or all of it is outside the canvas, its motion is determined by the same rules as in the previous question. Example: A circle is dragged so that its center is at x=25 and y=80, with velocity components vx=-15 and vy=20, and is then released. At the next tick, it should have its center at x=20 x=40 and y=100, while its velocity components would become vx=15 and vy=20.
   • All of this works whether or not the simulation is paused.

   Here's a demo:

   You are to deliver a file named screensaver-2.rkt that provides all the functions above, plus the following:

   ;; world-after-mouse-event
   ;;  : WorldState Int Int MouseEvent -> WorldState
   ;; GIVEN: A World, the x- and y-coordinates of a mouse event, and the
   ;; mouse event
   ;; RETURNS: the world that should follow the given world after the given mouse
   ;; event.
   
   ;; circ-after-mouse-event :  Circle Int Int MouseEvent -> Circle
   ;; GIVEN: A circle, the x- and y-coordinates of a mouse event, and the
   ;; mouse event
   ;; RETURNS: the circle that should follow the given circle after
   ;; the given mouse event
   
   ;; circ-selected? : Circle -> Boolean
   ;; RETURNS: true iff the given circle is selected.
   
   ;; new-circle
   ;; as before, but now it returns an UNSELECTED circle.